The Huguenots (/hjunts/ HEW-g-nots, also UK: /-noz/ -nohz, French:[y()no]) were a religious group of French Protestants who held to the Reformed, or Calvinist, tradition of Protestantism. The first Huguenots to leave France sought freedom from persecution in Switzerland and the Netherlands. Huguenot was frequently used in reference to those of the Reformed Church of France from the time of the Protestant Reformation. On the day we visited, it was staffed by two ladies who were residents of the French Hospital. With the precedent of a historical alliancethe Auld Alliancebetween Scotland and France; Huguenots were mostly welcomed to, and found refuge in the nation from around the year 1700. They did not promote French-language schools or publications and "lost" their historic identity. It's also the last name of Carmelita Jeter, an American sprinter who specializes in the 100 meter sprint. Calvinists lived primarily in the Midi; about 200,000 Lutherans accompanied by some Calvinists lived in the newly acquired Alsace, where the 1648 Treaty of Westphalia effectively protected them. In Bad Karlshafen, Hessen, Germany is the Huguenot Museum and Huguenot archive. See our Huguenot Surname Cross Surname and Variations -- Christian Name Ag / Agee / Oage -- Matthieu Allaire -- Alexandre Alle / Alley / Alie / Alyer / d'Ailly -- Nicolas The government encouraged descendants of exiles to return, offering them French citizenship in a 15 December 1790 law: All persons born in a foreign country and descending in any degree of a French man or woman expatriated for religious reason are declared French nationals (naturels franais) and will benefit from rights attached to that quality if they come back to France, establish their domicile there and take the civic oath. Joan Crawford (1905-1977), American actress, descended from the Huguenots, Dr Pierre Chastain and Chretien DuBois, on her father's side. Retaliating against the French Catholics, the Huguenots had their own militia. Various hypotheses have been promoted. Huguenot rebellions in the 1620s resulted in the abolition of their political and military privileges. [citation needed], In World War II, Huguenots led by Andr Trocm in the village of Le Chambon-sur-Lignon in Cvennes helped save many Jews. [61], Article 4 of 26 June 1889 Nationality Law stated: "Descendants of families proscribed by the revocation of the Edict of Nantes will continue to benefit from the benefit of 15 December 1790 Law, but on the condition that a nominal decree should be issued for every petitioner. Research genealogy for Alma Levi Russell Russell, as well as other members of the Russell family, on Ancestry. Genealogy Resources (Tutorial) This simple tutorial is prepared to assist you in performing research in the former German Reichslnder of Elsa-Lothringen, today's French regions of Alsace-Moselle. The Pennsylvania-German, Volume 5 Full view - 1904. They established a major weaving industry in and around Spitalfields (see Petticoat Lane and the Tenterground) in East London. Nearby villages are Hengoed, and Ystrad Mynach. Huguenots with that surname are not only found in French Switzerland, but also emigrated from . The first Huguenots arrived as early as 1671, when the first Huguenot refugee, Francois Villion (later Viljoen), arrived at the Cape. There are many variations in spelling and not all are related. Surnames found in Ireland which date to time in the 16th and 17th centuries when French Huguenots or German Palatines fleeing religious persecution in their home countries came to Ireland. [88][89][90] Many others went to the American colonies, especially South Carolina. Although relatively large portions of the peasant population became Reformed there, the people, altogether, still remained majority Catholic.[16][19]. Several French Protestant churches are descended from or tied to the Huguenots, including: Criticism and conflict with the Catholic Church, Right of return to France in the 19th and 20th centuries, The Huguenot Population of France, 1600-1685: The Demographic Fate and Customs of a Religious Minority by Philip Benedict; American Philosophical Society, 1991 - 164, The Huguenots: Or, Reformed French Church. By 1700 one fifth of the city's population was French-speaking. Prince Louis de Cond, along with his sons Daniel and Osias,[citation needed] arranged with Count Ludwig von Nassau-Saarbrcken to establish a Huguenot community in present-day Saarland in 1604. Rhetoric like this became fiercer as events unfolded, and eventually stirred up a reaction in the Catholic establishment. The WikiTree Huguenot Migration Project defines "Huguenot" to include any French-speaking Protestants (whatever branch or denomination) that left (emigrated from) their homeland (France or borderlands such as Provence, Navarre or the Spanish-Netherlands - today's Belgium) due to religious persecution or intolerance. But many took the risk . The first Huguenot to arrive at the Cape of Good Hope was Maria de la Quellerie, wife of commander Jan van Riebeeck (and daughter of a Walloon church minister), who arrived on 6 April 1652 to establish a settlement at what is today Cape Town. [71] But with assimilation, within three generations the Huguenots had generally adopted Dutch as their first and home language. [42][43], The French Wars of Religion began with the Massacre of Vassy on 1 March 1562, when dozens[8] (some sources say hundreds[44]) of Huguenots were killed, and about 200 were wounded. It sought an alliance between the city-state of Geneva and the Swiss Confederation. However, in France, the name France is ranked the 2,810 th . Escalating, he instituted dragonnades, which included the occupation and looting of Huguenot homes by military troops, in an effort to forcibly convert them. Dutch and Walloon Calvinists arrived in force in Elizabethan England - there were over 15,000 foreign Protestants in the country in the 1590s, the majority Dutch and almost all of the remainder Walloon and Huguenot - but few needed to come once the independence of the United Provinces was secured. It is now an official symbol of the glise des Protestants rforms (French Protestant church). The wars gradually took on a dynastic character, developing into an extended feud between the Houses of Bourbon and Guise, both of whichin addition to holding rival religious viewsstaked a claim to the French throne. ", Heinz Schilling,"Innovation through migration: the settlements of Calvinistic Netherlanders in sixteenth-and seventeenth-century Central and Western Europe. These included Languedoc-Roussillon, Gascony and even a strip of land that stretched into the Dauphin. By 1687 Huguenots made up about 20 percent of the population of Berlin, making Berlin seem almost as much a French town as a German one. [79], The Huguenots originally spoke French on their arrival in the American colonies, but after two or three generations, they had switched to English. Dutch immigrants were among the first groups of European settlers. Huguenot, any of the Protestants in France in the 16th and 17th centuries, many of whom suffered severe persecution for their faith. 24 July, A.D. 1550. I know . In relative terms, this could be the largest wave of immigration of a single community into Britain ever. [25][26], The first known translation of the Bible into one of France's regional languages, Arpitan or Franco-Provenal, had been prepared by the 12th-century pre-Protestant reformer Peter Waldo (Pierre de Vaux). Huguenot exiles in the United Kingdom, the United States, South Africa, Australia, and a number of other countries still retain their identity.[20][21]. [citation needed] Some of these immigrants moved to Norwich, which had accommodated an earlier settlement of Walloon weavers. Around 1700, it is estimated that nearly 25% of the Amsterdam population was Huguenot. Thera Wijsenbeek, "Identity Lost: Huguenot refugees in the Dutch Republic and its former colonies in North America and South Africa, 1650 to 1750: a comparison". The kingdom did not fully recover for years. Frenchtown in New Jersey bears the mark of early settlers.[22]. The community and its congregation remain active to this day, with descendants of many of the founding families still living in the region. The Huguenots were French Protestants who were members of the Calvinist Reformed Church that was established in 1550. Many of the farms in the Western Cape province in South Africa still bear French names. Some settlers landed in present-day Chesterfield County. L'Eglise du Saint-Esprit in New York, founded in 1628, is older, but it left the French Reformed movement in 1804 to become part of the Episcopal Church. Get the full huguenotstreet.org Analytics and market share drilldown here [99] Huguenot refugees flocked to Shoreditch, London. The couple left for Batavia ten years later. English: topographic name for someone who lived by a grove or thicket from Middle English grove Old English grf or a habitational name from any of various places so named. [98] Andrew Lortie (born Andr Lortie), a leading Huguenot theologian and writer who led the exiled community in London, became known for articulating their criticism of the Pope and the doctrine of transubstantiation during Mass. By the time of his death in 1774, Calvinism had been nearly eliminated from France. Andr Trocm preached against discrimination as the Nazis were gaining power in neighbouring Germany and urged his Protestant Huguenot congregation to hide Jewish refugees from the Holocaust. And yet another fact hard to deny is that the Huguenot French component seems to have persevered to a greater extent culturally than the German. The names displayed are those for which The National Huguenot Society has received and has on file in its archives documented evidence proving, according to normally accepted genealogical standards, that the individual listed was indeed a . There is an aged carpenter here, 'La Combre,' of pure Huguenot descent, so that this name also, as well as another, 'Champ,' may be added to the list. By the time Louis XIV revoked the Edict of Nantes in 1685, Huguenots accounted for 800,000 to 1million people. This surname is listed in the (US) National Huguenot Society's register of qualified Huguenot ancestors and also in the similar register of the Huguenot Society of America. 13 (Regiment on foot Varenne) and 15 (Regiment on foot Wylich). Some of the earliest to arrive in Australia held prominent positions in English society, notably, Others who came later were from poorer families, migrating from England in the 19th and early 20th centuries to escape the poverty of. Jeter French (Huguenot), German Jeter is a French and German surname. While a small amount of Huguenots did come, the majority switched from speaking French to English. By the end of the sixteenth century, Huguenots constituted 7-8% of the whole population, or 1.2million people. Scoville, Warren C. "The Huguenots and the diffusion of technology. Jean Cauvin (John Calvin), another student at the University of Paris, also converted to Protestantism. Place names and geographic features were commonly taken as surnames in Utrecht (e.g., van Doorn, van Schaik, van Vliet, and van den Brink). Today, there are some Reformed communities around the world that still retain their Huguenot identity. [123] The last prime minister of East Germany, Lothar de Maizire,[124] is also a descendant of a Huguenot family, as is the former German Federal Minister of the Interior, Thomas de Maizire. A small wooden church was first erected in the community, followed by a second church that was built of stone. "The Secret War of Elizabeth I: England and the Huguenots during the early Wars of Religion, 1562-77. ", Kurt Gingrich, "'That Will Make Carolina Powerful and Flourishing': Scots and Huguenots in Carolina in the 1680s. Long integrated into Australian society, it is encouraged by the Huguenot Society of Australia to embrace and conserve its cultural heritage, aided by the Society's genealogical research services.[67]. Janet Gray and other supporters of the hypothesis suggest that the name huguenote would be roughly equivalent to 'little Hugos', or 'those who want Hugo'.[6]. Huguenot Church The origin of the name Huguenot is unknown but believed to have been derived from combining phrases in German and Flemish that described their practice of home worship. It took French troops years to hunt down and destroy all the bands of Camisards, between 1702 and 1709. Huguenot immigrants settled throughout pre-colonial America, including in New Amsterdam (New York City), some 21 miles north of New York in a town which they named New Rochelle, and some further upstate in New Paltz. Both before and after the 1708 passage of the Foreign Protestants Naturalization Act, an estimated 50,000 Protestant Walloons and French Huguenots fled to England, with many moving on to Ireland and elsewhere. Examples include: Blignaut, Cilliers, Cronje (Cronier), de Klerk (Le Clercq), de Villiers, du Plessis, Du Preez (Des Pres), du Randt (Durand), du Toit, Duvenhage (Du Vinage), Franck, Fouch, Fourie (Fleurit), Gervais, Giliomee (Guilliaume), Gous/Gouws (Gauch), Hugo, Jordaan (Jourdan), Joubert, Kriek, Labuschagne (la Buscagne), le Roux, Lombard, Malan, Malherbe, Marais, Maree, Minnaar (Mesnard), Nel (Nell), Naud, Nortj (Nortier), Pienaar (Pinard), Retief (Retif), Roux, Rossouw (Rousseau), Taljaard (Taillard), TerBlanche, Theron, Viljoen (Vilion) and Visagie (Visage). The surname Cordes is most commonly associated with Germany, Belgium, France and Spain. He called this tip of the peninsula which jutted out into Newark Bay, "Bird's Point". Many Walloon and Huguenot families were granted asylum there. Some Huguenot families have kept alive various traditions, such as the celebration and feast of their patron Saint Nicolas, similar to the Dutch Sint Nicolaas (Sinterklaas) feast. In October 1985, to commemorate the tricentenary of the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes, President Franois Mitterrand of France announced a formal apology to the descendants of Huguenots around the world. The Pennsylvania-German, Volume 12 . Page 449. The first groups of German immigrants to the US began to arrive as early as the 1670s. [93][94] The immigrants assimilated well in terms of using English, joining the Church of England, intermarriage and business success. [41], In 1561, the Edict of Orlans declared an end to the persecution, and the Edict of Saint-Germain of January 1562 formally recognised the Huguenots for the first time. [16], Among the nobles, Calvinism peaked on the eve of the St. Bartholomew's Day massacre. In the 18th century Germany looked to France as the model of civilization. During the second wave, before and after the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes in 1685, refugees came mostly from the Dauphin, Cvennes and Languedoc regions; the major route of exodus was the passage from Lake Geneva to the Rhine River. Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg, invited Huguenots to settle in his realms, and a number of their descendants rose to positions of prominence in Prussia. The house derives its name from a weaving school which was moved there in the last years of the 19th century, reviving an earlier use.) At the time, they constituted the majority of the townspeople.[114]. Some members of this community emigrated to the United States in the 1890s. Louise de Coligny, daughter of the murdered Huguenot leader Gaspard de Coligny, married William the Silent, leader of the Dutch (Calvinist) revolt against Spanish (Catholic) rule. The battle between Huguenots and Catholics in France also . Inhabited by Camisards, it continues to be the backbone of French Protestantism. However, these measures disguised the growing tensions between Protestants and Catholics. The Huguenot emigrants were different from the Dutch and German settlers who made up the average population of the Cape Colony. The Huguenots were led by Jeanne d'Albret; her son, the future Henry IV (who would later convert to Catholicism in order to become king); and the princes of Cond. In the south, towns like Castres, Montauban, Montpellier and Nimes were Huguenot strongholds. Some Huguenot descendants in the Netherlands may be noted by French family names, although they typically use Dutch given names. The Huguenot Memorial Museum was also erected there and opened in 1957. [citation needed], Following the accidental death of Henry II in 1559, his son succeeded as King Francis II along with his wife, the Queen Consort, also known as Mary, Queen of Scots. Paul Revere was descended from Huguenot refugees, as was Henry Laurens, who signed the Articles of Confederation for South Carolina. VanRuymbeke, Bertrand and Sparks, Randy J., eds. Many families, today, mostly Afrikaans-speaking, have surnames indicating their French Huguenot ancestry. ), Swiss political leader) of dialectal eyguenot, from German dialectal Eidgenosse, confederate, from Middle High German eitgenz : eit . That decree will only produce its effects for the future. One of the more notable Huguenot descendants in Ireland was Sen Lemass (18991971), who was appointed as Taoiseach, serving from 1959 until 1966. Reply. Persecution diminished the number of Huguenots who remained in France. [citation needed], These tensions spurred eight civil wars, interrupted by periods of relative calm, between 1562 and 1598. FAQs; Blog; Past Newsletters; Scrapbook; Huguenot Names. autumn snoop says 8 March 2017 at 12:22 am. For example, E.I. The "Huguenot Street Historic District" in New Paltz has been designated a National Historic Landmark site and contains one of the oldest streets in the United States of America. In 1685, he issued the Edict of Fontainebleau, revoking the Edict of Nantes and declaring Protestantism illegal. Historians estimate that roughly 80% of all Huguenots lived in the western and southern areas of France. Although 19th-century sources have asserted that some of these refugees were lacemakers and contributed to the East Midlands lace industry,[101][102] this is contentious. Other evidence of the Walloons and Huguenots in Canterbury includes a block of houses in Turnagain Lane, where weavers' windows survive on the top floor, as many Huguenots worked as weavers. Most of the cities in which the Huguenots gained a hold saw iconoclast riots in which altars and images in churches, and sometimes the buildings themselves torn down. Horsley, Hartley Bridge, Gloucestershire, England; Popular names: Hanks In 1565 the Spanish decided to enforce their claim to La Florida, and sent Pedro Menndez de Avils, who established the settlement of St. Augustine near Fort Caroline. But in the reign of William and Mary, the largest number of foreign refugees were Naturalized in these countries, from 1689 to the 3rd July, 1701. Now, it happens that those whom they called Lutherans were at that time so narrowly watched during the day that they were forced to wait till night to assemble, for the purpose of praying God, for preaching and receiving the Holy Sacrament; so that although they did not frighten nor hurt anybody, the priests, through mockery, made them the successors of those spirits which roam the night; and thus that name being quite common in the mouth of the populace, to designate the evangelical huguenands in the country of Tourraine and Amboyse, it became in vogue after that enterprise. The community they created there is still known as Fleur de Lys (the symbol of France), an unusual French village name in the heart of the valleys of Wales. It includes links to books and societies that can help you find your ancestral name in France prior to the French Revolution, and it focuses on Protestant aristocratic families. In 1709, when the Palatinates were living at St. Katherine's by the Tower, a beautiful church and hospital were located there as well, known as St. Katharine's Church. The wars ended with the Edict of Nantes of 1598, which granted the Huguenots substantial religious, political and military autonomy. These were especially poor wretches living in desperate circumstances or mercenaries who had been unemployed since the end of the 30 years war. Some fled as refugees to the Dutch Cape Colony, the Dutch East Indies, various Caribbean colonies, and several of the Dutch and English colonies in North America. [81] In colonial New York city they switched from French to English or Dutch by 1730.[82]. In the Manakintown area, the Huguenot Memorial Bridge across the James River and Huguenot Road were named in their honour, as were many local features, including several schools, including Huguenot High School. The English authorities welcomed the French refugees, providing money from both government and private agencies to aid their relocation. Effects. Even before the Edict of Als (1629), Protestant rule was dead and the ville de sret was no more. "Genealogical Research in Nova Scotia" by Terrance Punch - ISBN 1-55109-235-2 - Terry is a professionally accredited Canadian genealogist who specializes in immigration from Ireland, Germany and Montbliard (Huguenot Protestants French-Swiss border area). The Huguenots transformed themselves into a definitive political movement thereafter. Huguenots fled first to neighboring countries, the Netherlands, the Swiss cantons, England, and some German states, and a few thousand of them farther away to Russia, Scandinavia, British North America, and the Dutch Cape colony in southern Africa.About 2,000 Huguenots settled in New York, South Carolina, Massachusetts, and Rhode Island in the . Nearly 50,000 Huguenots established themselves in Germany, 20,000 of whom were welcomed in Brandenburg-Prussia, where Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg and Duke of Prussia (r.16491688), granted them special privileges (Edict of Potsdam of 1685) and churches in which to worship (such as the Church of St. Peter and St. Paul, Angermnde and the French Cathedral, Berlin). The French crown's refusal to allow non-Catholics to settle in New France may help to explain that colony's low population compared to that of the neighbouring British colonies, which opened settlement to religious dissenters. Anglicised names such as Tyzack, Henzey and Tittery are regularly found amongst the early glassmakers, and the region went on to become one of the most important glass regions in the country.[106]. Following this exodus, Huguenots remained in large numbers in only one region of France: the rugged Cvennes region in the south. Augeron Mickal, Didier Poton et Bertrand Van Ruymbeke, dir.. Augeron Mickal, John de Bry, Annick Notter, dir., This page was last edited on 28 February 2023, at 16:02. Michael Thomas (Thomas-10705): Johann LeBachelle (Lebachelle-13) - according to family lore, emigrated from France to Kaiserslautern, Germany c1685. The country had a long history of struggles with the papacy (see the Avignon Papacy, for example) by the time the Protestant Reformation finally arrived. The Dutch Republic rapidly became a destination for Huguenot exiles. In the United States, the name France is the 2,209 th most popular surname with an estimated 14,922 people with that name. [60], Persecution of Protestants diminished in France after 1724, finally ending with the Edict of Versailles, commonly called the Edict of Tolerance, signed by Louis XVI in 1787. Other refugees practised the variety of occupations necessary to sustain the community as distinct from the indigenous population. Their fourth child, Isaac Jr., was born in 1681, after the family moved to New . "Huguenot Immigrants and the Formation of National Identities, 15481787". After the 1534 Affair of the Placards,[37][38] however, he distanced himself from Huguenots and their protection. The Protestant Reformation began by Martin Luther in Germany . William and Mary Quarterly. Several prominent German military, cultural and political figures were ethnic Huguenot, including the poet Theodor Fontane,[120] General Hermann von Franois,[121] the hero of the First World War's Battle of Tannenberg, Luftwaffe general and fighter ace Adolf Galland,[122] the Luftwaffe flying ace Hans-Joachim Marseille and the famed U-boat Captains Lothar von Arnauld de la Perire and Wilhelm Souchon. . The last active Huguenot congregation in North America worships in Charleston, South Carolina, at a church that dates to 1844. The Society has chapters in numerous states, with the one in Texas being the largest. English, French, Walloon, Dutch, German, Polish, Czech, and Slovak: from a personal name composed of the ancient Germanic . Among the Huguenots who left were a group of families from northern France, located near Calais, and what is now southern Belgium. The city's political institutions and the university were all handed over to the Huguenots. As Huguenots gained influence and more openly displayed their faith, Catholic hostility grew. I'll say a word about it to settle the doubts of those who have strayed in seeking its origin. The surnames Boileau and Des Voeux have disappeared from this locality only a few years ago, General Boileau and Major Des Voeux with their families having left Portarlington. Kathy is a member of the Huguenot Society. Page 168. The ancestral listing on our website is an "open listing" which means it is periodically updated from time to time as new information becomes available. QC, in 1761. The Berlin Huguenots preserved the French language in their church services for nearly a century. What is clear is that the surname, Jaques, is a Huguenot name. They were determined to end religious oppression. "Trees without roots fall over!" ""People who never look backward to their ancestors will never look forward to posterity." - Edmund Burke. One of the most active Huguenot groups is in Charleston, South Carolina. Some Huguenot preachers and congregants were attacked as they attempted to meet for worship. The Huguenot Museum in Bad Karlshafen, Germany has some fascinating exhibits. Long after the sect was suppressed by Francis I, the remaining French Waldensians, then mostly in the Luberon region, sought to join Farel, Calvin and the Reformation, and Olivtan published a French Bible for them. [citation needed] Surveys suggest that Protestantism has grown in recent years, though this is due primarily to the expansion of evangelical Protestant churches which particularly have adherents among immigrant groups that are generally considered distinct from the French Huguenot population. Menndez' forces routed the French and executed most of the Protestant captives. Whilst searching for a rellie who may have gone by a surname that is the anglicised version of a French word (Francois becomming Francewar), I found a few more French names in St Peter's records. [74] Upon their arrival in New Amsterdam, Huguenots were offered land directly across from Manhattan on Long Island for a permanent settlement and chose the harbour at the end of Newtown Creek, becoming the first Europeans to live in Brooklyn, then known as Boschwick, in the neighbourhood now known as Bushwick. Instead of being in Purgatory after death, according to Catholic doctrine, they came back to harm the living at night. Since then, it sharply decreased as the Huguenots were no longer tolerated by both the French royalty and the Catholic masses. The Edict reaffirmed Roman Catholicism as the state religion of France, but granted the Protestants equality with Catholics under the throne and a degree of religious and political freedom within their domains. gt I began Genealogy 35 years ago. Bernard James Whalen was born on 25 April 1931, in Shullsburg, Lafayette, Wisconsin, United States. The Huguenots furnished two new regiments of his army: the Altpreuische Infantry Regiments No.