Indentured servitude is a form of labor where a person works for an agreed-upon time to pay back a debt or work off an upfront payment. Eric Hinderaker, James A. Henretta, Rebecca Edwards, Robert O. Self, By the People: A History of the United States, AP Edition, Donald Kagan, Frank M. Turner, Steven Ozment. arrival of coffee in the 1700s and cotton and sugercane impacted the Americas hugely - Both crops requried backbreaking labor to cultivate that led to the rise and expansion oft he Atlantic . How did Maritime (sea-based) Empires exert and expand their power? Prepare the appropriate journal entries on December 31, 2016. What Maybe. The Atlantic Slave Trade was expanded to supply labor throughout the colonies. associat association formed by investors or shareholders for the purpose of trade, exploration and colonization. Decline in the power of nomadic groups. Jewish populations descended from eastern and central Europe are called Ashkenazi. commander of the first ships to sail directly from Europe to India. inventory. general _____. This same system was used on smaller . In India, the powerful merchant Virji Vora (c. 1590 c. the 1670s) held a monopoly over several goods, including certain spices. ryanod52. Explain the continuities and changes in economic systems and labor systems from 1450 to 1750. Adam Smith . Both allowed social elites to control nearly all the economic resources and labor of individuals who lived on their lands or assigned regions. The cortes of Spain finally abolished the mita in 1812, but it survived at least into the nineteenth century. I do not want them in my retirement account, which has to protect me from poverty in my old age. However in 1675, Metacom mounted one last effort to drive the British off the Native land. While these colonies initially grew on Native American labor . Most diversified international portfolios have had disappointing results over the past 5 years. In addition, forced labor was an important constant . transformed in to a coercive labor system. 1450-1750 Early Modern Period. However, in the 17th century, the, In fear of minority rule, Hindu warriors called the Marathas rebelled. Syncretisms happen everywhere, but in the Americas there are quite a few examples. the verb in parentheses. Region of the Atlantic coast of West Africa occupied by modern Ghana; named for its gold exports to Europe from the 1470s onward. The most immediate effect on indigenous communities was the massive depopulation caused by disease. New diseases, crops, people, and cultures were distributed throughout the world. Workers often had to work dangerous and exhausting jobs like mining. Individual serfs and serf families were regularly sold, with and without land, in the early nineteenth century. Defeated Russians, Slavs, Germans, Poles sent to Istanbul. How did the Columbian Exchange impact the Americas? results of this forced labor system. At the bottom was the largest class of peasants, many of whom sank into debt and were forced into serfdom. Question 2. State expansion and centralization led to resistance from an array of social, political, and economic groups on a local level. A sample of size n = 15 has variance s2s^2s2 = 35. The Cossacks under Yemelyan Pugachev rebelled against, South Asia, which includes modern-day India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh, has a majority population of Hindus and a strong minority of Muslims. The Labor System was ran by 12the Spanish and it rewarded conquerors with the labor of conquered non-Christian peoples. system? What were the causes and impacts of the Columbian Exchange? Largely a kingdom of city-states that worked for mutual benefit, the Maya were able to build large temples, cities, and trade networks. King's actually gained power as government became more centralized. avoid the system. As states expanded power, they were consistently met with resistance and rebellion. They challenged ideas, originally indicted by the Church. Cash crop agriculture: Europeans first produced cash crops on large commercial plantations on the islands (Canary, Cape Verde, and the Azores) of the Western African coast in the 15th century. The band members sold raffle tickets after school. Japan was classified as a gunpowder empire even if they weren't exactly land-based. Chapman uses the equity method for this investment. 1 / 25. Well skip *(desert, $\underline{{dessert}}$)* so we wont be late to the movie. Rise of a global trade network. European indentured servants continued coming to the Americas until the late 18. At \alpha = .01 in a left-tailed test, does this sample As the Ottomans conquered most of Southeastern Europe, Janissaries armies were being put together under the Devshirme System. Europeans would have to wait a few centuries for access to China. The spread of Islam into East Asia. Freedom was nearly unattainable. Size. Who rose to become apart of the gunpowder empires? 4. Spanish and Portuguese Empires. after they realized they were being exploited. Historical Development 1 Despite some disruption and restructuring due to the arrival of Portuguese, Spanish, and Dutch merchants, existing trade networks in the Indian Ocean continued to flourish and included intra-Asian trade and Asian merchants. Mamluks - Turkish/Mongol slave soldiers that fought for Egypt. The owners of these lands turned them into large estates called haciendas for economic production. Islam was still being spread. The became the target of the labor draft in Mexico known as the repartimiento which supplied labor to commercial farms, mines, and select private . in debt to continue working on a piece of Absolute legal ownership of another person, including the right to buy or sell that person; the form of slavery utilized in the Americas during the trans-Atlantic slave trade. Learn. Some women, such as Roxelana, climbed the social ladder from slave to wife of the Ottoman ruler Suleiman the Great. 1450-1750. Encomienda and hacienda were quasi (partially) feudal systems imposed by the Spanish on indigenous peoples in the Caribbean and other Spanish-conquered lands in the Americas and the Philippines. Thematic Focus: Social Interactions and Organization Essential Question: In what ways did slavery labor systems change and stay the same as trade networks expanded between 1450 and 1750? Unit 2: Networks of Exchange . Encomienda: Spanish monarchs gave control over large territories (encomienda) to people they felt had served Spain and the monarchyusually successful conquistadors. Labor systems grew and changed in response to the demand for labor and goods, Spanish settlers in the Caribbean set up the encomienda system, a form of forced labor, in which Spaniards demanded labor from conquered Native inhabitants, Favored Spanish immigrants to the New World forced Native Americans to work in mines, landed estates, and public works, Due to the brutality of this system, Spanish officials changed it to the repartimiento system, in which Natives were forced to provide labor for Spanish projects, but for a limited amount of time for which they were compensated, Ultimately this system was unsustainable, which led Europeans to develop the slave trade, Europeans adapted and expanded the African slave trade, using Africans to work in forced labor in the New World, By the 1500s, when Portugal began exploring the west coast of Africa, tribes had already been engaged in slave trade for hundreds of years, African tribes kidnapped members of other tribes and sold them into slavery to Europeans, who shipped them to the Americas on the deadly Middle Passage, Most slaves were sent to the Caribbean to replace other slaves who died under the brutal conditions; a comparably small amount of slaves was sent to North and South America, Slaves were put to work growing cash crops (sugar, tobacco, cotton, and coffee), the profits of which ultimately benefited European powers, Europeans then sold manufactured goods such as guns to African tribes offering slaves, and the trade began again, The collapse of major empires could lead European powers to establish hierarchical labor systems in which peasants were bound to provide labor, Following the collapse of the Mongol Empire, Russia developed a system of serfdom to maintain the wealth of the small nobility and monarchy; serfs, or peasants, were forced to work on large estates, Serfs typically lived together in communes, which provided extended kin networks to help workers survive under harsh conditions, In 1649, the Russian government legally bound serfs to nobles and the tsar, or king. How did Ottoman expansion change the empire's social structure? So states began to practice mercantilist policies, which limited imports and maximized exports. Chattel slavery: Societies throughout history have used slave labor. Although the world's productive systems continued to be heavily centered on agricultural production throughout this period, major changes occurred in agricultural labor, the systems and locations of manufacturing, gender and social structures, and environmental processes. Key Takeaways AP World History Period 2 (1450-1750) The Americas became part of the global trade network, spurred by the Columbian Exchange. Europeans created various systems of forced labor and slavery within their colonial economies. How did issues and tensions emerging from World War I create the anger and violence of $1919$. Heres a few examples of how states were challenged between 1450-1750: After the British and Dutch pushed the Portuguese out of India, they turned their attention to expanding their role in the African slave trade. The examination system has, from the Tang dynasty onward, created a strong centralized and fully functional civil service in place of an aristocratic elite with a territorial base of power. Spanish and Portuguese influence spread across politics, economics, and society in the Americas. Americans on that land, but could demand free labor from them in exchange. The work included various tasks like growing food for those who lived in cities, building food storage, or repairing infrastructure. This is why the ancient civilizations are so fascinating because they all developed similar structures without knowing about each other. If they could fast a quicker route to Asia, profits would balloon and religious ideologies would spread. For each of the following sentences, write the correct past or past participle verb form above 3. Despite some disruption and restructuring due to the arrival of Portuguese, Spanish, and Dutch merchants, existing trade networks in the Indian Ocean continued to flourish and included intra-Asian trade and Asian merchants. Latisha has put a password in place that allows only the boss access to the file where pay rates are changed and personnel are added or deleted from the payroll. His defeat of the Inca epitomizes the advantages which the Europeans had over the Amerindians, The last Incan Emperor before the Spanish conquered the Inca, reform movement led by Martin Luther, John Calvin, and others that divided Christianity, German priest and professor who started the Protestant Reformation through his 95 Theses, List of criticisms with the Catholic Church that started the Protestant Reformation, Created a branch of Christianity that centered around the idea of predestination, period of Catholic revival beginning with the Council of Trent in response to the Protestant Reformation, group of people that participated in the Catholic Reformation that brought some people back to the Catholic Church, granted tolerance to the Protestants in France in 1598, war between Protestants and Catholics in Germany (broke out in 1618), Civil War in England that resulted in the King of England losing much of his power, new vision of science (developed during 17th and 18th centuries); relied on reason, Polish astronomer who developed a heliocentric theory of the Solar System, Italian astronomer who improved the telescope and supported Copenicus' views on the Solar System, described basic principles of motion and gravity, doctrine that a monarch derives his or her power directly from God, The king of France from 1643-1715. Between 1492 and 1750, the Spanish created settlements along the coasts of Central and South America, each growing profitable crops or mining for precious metals. In 1655, the British took control of the land forcing the Spanish out. African People who were brought to the Once contact with the Americas was open, the Spanish, French, English, and Dutch increasingly invested in the explorations. The Spanish. Without the slave trade, African kingdoms would have continued to strengthen and could have prevented centuries of turmoil in the region. An external challenge to the state usually comes from neighboring states or other colonizing forces in the region. By this contract, a four-year-old girl became a servant in Quebec in 1703. Learn. Learn. Q. road work and military service. Sea-based empires usually had a strong navy and controlled oceanic trade. Their technological advancements caused them to emerge as a gunpowder empire with their hands on trade. Russia 1450-1750Western civilization changed significantly between 1450 and 1750. Prepare the appropriate journal entries on December 31, 2018. Enslaved Africans were reduced to nothing more than a product to be bought, sold, and treated no better than animals. William of Orange was backed by Protestants to overthrow him. The second employee receives the merchandise. The check software/printer, which is not password protected, is on the owner's desk in an office that contains company checks and is normally unlocked. Definition. 272.5 KB. Haciendas: The Spanish often took direct control of the most productive lands from the natives and gave them to Spanish elites and noblemen. They were essentially peasants to the Spanish. Unit 4: Labor Systems, 1450 - 1750 C. Encomienda Chattel Slavery Russian Serfdom Define the labor system Include the general role/purpose Were there revolts or rebellions associated with it? By 1450, Europeans were set on finding a faster route to Asia. The Portuguese controlled some areas on the Indian Ocean network as they strong armed locals, but merchants continued to trade and migrate. The connection of the Old World (Afro-Eurasia) and the New World (the Americas) unlocked a massive flow of goods, people, ideas, and disease. While indentured servants living conditions were rough, they had some legal protections that prevented them from the worst exploitation and violence in other American forced and slave labor systems. The primary goal of European expansion and colonization was to acquire land and resources to produce exports to sell for profit on the growing trans-Atlantic market. Revolts occurred but China was also set on isolating itself from foreign affairs. state/empire . 1450-1750 indentured servants were often of European descent (migration from Europe to the New World) however they were replaced . New syncretic religions emerged that blended native and colonial traditions. England was a majority Protestant country, but had a Catholic minority. Sailed for Spain and tried to complete Columbus' westward route. Her boss recently asked her to put password protection on all office computers. A religious, political, intellectual and cultural upheaval that split Catholic Europe, causing the formation of structures and beliefs that would define the continent in the modern era. The Atlantic System c. The Middle Passage d. The Sea Road AP WORLD HISTORY ULTIMATE REVIEW PACKET UNIT 4 (1450-1750) A grant of land made by Spain to a settler as an indentured servant in the Americas and Philippines, including the right to use Native Americans as . Lessons.
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