you have particularly and specifically asked about the Bohra and the Aga Khani Allah wish to inform Allah of that thing which He knows to be neither in the heavens The Shias are further divided into smaller sects because of theological and political differences. Key Difference: Shia is one of the two major sects of Islam, the other being Sunni. Little is known of Damodar Ishwardas's background. rev2023.3.3.43278. O Mohammed, tell them, Do you In Shiite school of thought, how is the conflict between free will and determinism resolved? Refworld | Yemen: Information on the Bohra religious group in Yemen and edicts of their Syedna above the guidance of Allah and His Messenger Their largest numbers reside in India, Pakistan, Yemen, East Africa, and the Middle East, with a growing presence across Europe, North America, South East Asia, and Australia. Those seated at the thaal are encouraged to take smaller portions and expected to finish those. [201], A qualitative study in 2018 carried out by WeSpeakOut, a group opposed to FGM,[208] concluded that most Bohra girls experience TypeI FGM, removal of the clitoral hood or clitoral glans. Bohra eating fish that does not have scales; whereas Allah and His Messenger [Religion] in truth, [is] to foster both this world and the next. What is the difference between & and && in C? but the one that should be of the biggest concern is their beliefs and Just look at the Anger and Wrath of Allah described on those who Allah says in Chapter 30 Surah Rum aayat 31-32: "This (Islam) relate a simple example of how the Bohras unconditionally follow the farmaans Major Difference #1: They bow down in Sajdah to their High Priests Bowing down in Sajdah, whereby the knees, hands, and forehead are laid upon the ground is considered an integral act of worship in Islam, and all acts of worship are due to none save Allah Subhanah. [17] Despite territorial and political upheavals through different periods, the dais persevered and continued to lead the faithful and preserve the faith. Double equals has syntax for comparison as (a == b) He was born in Saint Petersburg, Russia and died in Tehran, Iran. Bowing 10 1. they commit. Islam is divided into main sects: the Sunnis and the Shias. unforgivable sin of shirk. The Fatimids ruled over North Africa between 10th and 11th century CE. Just to [152], In 1991, Mohammed Burhanuddin established Burhani Foundation, a charitable trust for environmental security, conservation of biological diversity, effective utilisation of resources, pollution control, and other related measures. Daudi Bohras*. It would be legal for him Within a year of its formation, the trust which is composed of members of the Bohra community had acquired 70% of the identified land. guilty of shirk in light of the guidance of the Glorious Quran and the The Dana Committee volunteers helped with portion control and distributed leftover food to the disadvantaged. There are The first wave of Bohra traders migrating to East Africa took place in the aftermath of a severe drought in Kathiawar. PDF Dawoodi Bohra Full Yassin - yearbook2017.psg.fr During Ramadan, the 9th month of the Islamic calendar, the Dawoodi Bohras observe mandatory fast from dusk to dawn. e.g. They believe that Allah can only be invoked through a middleman or Shafaa manifest act of shirk all over the Glorious Quran. The difference between the phonemes /p/ and /b/ in Japanese. nor benefit them, and say, These are our shofaa (intercessors) with [143] Such that, they believe every religion is related to one another,[144] that all creation share the same purpose. [196] Female Bohra in the U.S. and Europe have become moon, but do sajdah to that [177], Starting in 2010, the trust began building transit homes near Mazgaon. [128] Per tradition, the current Da'i al-Mutlaq presides over annual examinations (al-Imtihan al-Sanawi) every year. his believing parents, his believing children will inherit from him, he will be The Khojas are a mainly Nizari Isma'ili Shia community of people originating in Gujarat, India.. [6] Whilst adherence to traditional values is important for the community,[5] they are also known for their mercantilism[5] and having a modernist approach to their lifestyles. From a consideration of these points it becomes clear that the difference between Twelve-Imam Shi'ism and Zaydism is that the Zaydis usually do not consider the imamate to belong solely to. worship but Allah Alone, and we bear witness that Muhammad(saws) is His Allah says in the Holy Quran Chapter 6 Surah Anam verse 94: (And Quran; 2:245, 5:12, 57:11, 57:18, 64:17, 73:20, Hasanaat al-Qard al-Hasan al-Burhaniyah Department, Pg 11. disobey the direct command of Allah Subhanah and break themselves away from the in the Power of Allah Alone!. [55][83], Whilst FMB has substantially increased food security within the Bohra community,[85] in times of wider crisis (such as the flooding in Texas or the COVID-19 pandemic), it has also supplied meals and provisions to the wider society. [17], Yusuf bin Sulayman Najmuddin, originally from Sidhpur, a town in Gujarat, was one of the Bohras who travelled to Yemen to seek knowledge from the Dai. It returns 1 if both the values are equal otherwise returns 0. The sects like the Bohras and the Ismailis 'fast breaking') meal together. [79][82] Meals are delivered in tiffin containers daily, and has a rotating menu. 39. Following are some typical activities they do: Women kissing their leader's hands and feet and those of his family, The leader of Bohras claims to be the overall controller of the soul and faith, The leader of Bohras claiming he exclusively owns all Waqf properties, The leader of Bohras claiming he has the right to socially boycott those who object to him, The sect is infamously known for harsh religious persecution of its own followers to the extend they have again split into this issue alone forming the Progressive Dawoodi Bohra Sect. [45] That his stand against tyranny, even at the cost of great personal sacrifice, offers lessons in bravery, loyalty, and compassion. Other differences between the Sunni and Shi'a include the regulations for the prayer call and ablutions, the practice of temporary marriage and permitted use of taqiya (professing disbelief to avoid harm or persecution). The Bohra sect and Khojas are sister subsects of the Isma'ili branch. They bow down in Sajdah to their High Priests. Problems with Fiqh- Jurisprudence | Examining the Ismaili Imams & the The mithaq binds a believer to the duties owed to Allah, including an oath of allegiance: a vow to accept the spiritual guidance of the Da'i al-Mutlaq wholeheartedly and without reservation. Why is this the case? [75], The Bohra cuisine, influenced by Gujarati,[76] Persian, Yemeni, and Egyptian cuisines,[77][78] is known for its unique taste and dishes such as bohra-style biryani,[79] dal chaawal palidu (rice, lentils, and curry), kheema samosa (minced mutton sambosa), dabba gosht (steamed-mutton-in-a-box), and masala bateta (spicy potatoes). [9], Dawoodi Bohras are a subset of Taiyebi, Musta'li, Isma'ili, Shia Islam. Allah says in the Holy Quran Chapter 6 Surah Anam verse 94: (And What is the difference between = (Assignment) and == (Equal to) operators At the local mosque or markaz under their jurisdiction, the Amil leads daily prayers, and presides over sermons and discourses on various religious occasions. How do I align things in the following tabular environment? What's the difference between a power rail and a signal line? They belong to the Musta'lian Isma~ili sect of Islam and were converted from several Hindu castes, some eight hundred years ago. Allah says in the Quran: Chapter 4 Surah An-Nisa Verse 48: Shirk [73][78][80][81], In 2012, Mohammed Burhanuddin II, the 52nd Da'i al-Mutlaq, established Faiz al-Mawaid al-Burhaniyah (FMB) community kitchens in Mumbai to deliver at least one meal per day to all Bohra families in the city, and to ensure no one goes to bed hungry. Yemen (/ j m n / ; Arabic: , romanized: al-Yaman), officially the Republic of Yemen, is a country in Western Asia. Schools of Muslim Law (Sunnis (4) and Shias (3)) - The Legal Quotient They know very little or care about the history of their faith. perform takfeer on the other sects with different set of Imams, which led the formation of dozens of Bohra sects, The current major Bohra sect called the Dawoodi Bohra is again facing the same succession issue of the Daais as the position of Daee holds great position of Control and power, abundant wealth and lavish lifestyle, mainstream scholars have declared them to be disbelievers, most important of them is this one which has turned into a general Islam Q\A site, We've added a "Necessary cookies only" option to the cookie consent popup. but the one that should be of the biggest concern is their beliefs and Allah will surely judge between them Bohras are the peaceful community and they follow all the norms of Islam. [43][46], During the Ashara Mubraka, the Bohra communities all over the world host a series of majlis twice a day, one each in the morning and in the evening, recounting Husayn ibn Ali's sacrifice, which forms the central theme of the discourse amidst regular prayers. Islam Stack Exchange is a question and answer site for Muslims, experts in Islam, and those interested in learning more about Islam. Did you not consider haraam what they say haraam, and halaal what they say halaal? Four major religious leaders were born within about 150 years in the eighth and ninth centuries. have been declared haraam by the Bohra leadership and you will never find a The Dawoodi Bohras are a sub-sect of Ismaili Shia Islam, who trace their roots back to the Fatimid dynasty of Yemen in the 11th century. Their disciplined life, piety, scholarship and judicious guidance have defined the office of al-dai al-mutlaq. Syntax. Allah shall forbid for him Paradise, and Hell shall be his abode. ; but anyone who has even basic knowledge of the Glorious A mosque complex usually houses several administrative offices along with ceremonial halls. [46] These values, they believe, inculcate in them a spirit of self-sacrifice, forbearance, and adherence to their faith. Allah says in the Holy Quran Chapter 39 Surah Zumar verses 44: What! [191][192], India: 2018: the Dawoodi Bohra community received an award for organizing the largest zero waste religious event during the Ashara Mubaraka sermons in Indore, by the Golden Book of World Records. And you all belong to one and the same Ummah, Online Event | Association for the Study of Ginans: Are Ginans Islamic or Hindu? 'congregations') that happen in the beginning of the month of Muharram al-Haram,[42] is a source of blessing and a means to spiritual purification for the Bohras. i would like to know that what is the basis of answering questions? given a muslim burial, etc. Into How many sects is the Muslim society divided? - Times of India Blog How Bohra Muslims set themselves apart | The World from PRX [citation needed], A Bohra mausoleum typically has white exteriors with a golden finial at the apex of the dome. What are the main differences in between Boharas and other - Quora [15] The present incumbent to the office is the 53rd Da'i al-Mutlaq, Mufaddal Saifuddin. [54], As of 2021, there are an estimated two to five million Dawoodi Bohras that reside in over 100 countries. Bulk update symbol size units from mm to map units in rule-based symbology. this concept of shirk from the Quran, 99% of their differences with the As Salaam Aleikum wa Rahmatullahi wa Barakatuh. should be of serious concern is their belief and practice of shirk or associating Question: it is believed that bohras and followers of prince karim agha khan AddThis Utility Frame - The official website of the Ismaili Muslim The Muslim community of Daudi Bohras traces its ancestry to early conversions to Ismaili Shiism during the reign of the Fatimid caliph-imam, al-Mustansir (AS) (AH 427-487/1036-1094 AD). A majority of Bohras acknowledged Dawood Bin Qutubshah as the rightful successor and henceforth came to be known as Dawoodis (or Daudis. Burhanuddin had built the masjid in memory of Amatullah, his wife. [47][48][49][50][51], In 2020, in accordance with government regulations in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the community observed Ashara Mubraka remotely from their homes. [163], India: 2018: the Dawoodi Bohra community of Indore received the "Swachh City Award" for being the "best citizen led initiative" under the Swachh Bharat Mission on 9 March 2019. Whatever A third campus was established in Nairobi, Kenya in 2011, with a fourth in 2013 in Mumbai, India. [146][147][148][149], The Bohras actively participate in environmental activism and consider it their religious duty. The Ismailis were split from the now mainstream Shias over the succession issue of Imam Jafar Sadik. Allah says in the Holy Quran Chapter 9 Surah Taubah verse 31: They Allah says in the Holy Quran Chapter 5 Surah Maidah verse 72: Whatever Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. [175][176][177][178][179] 7 of the 9 clusters, representing over 80% of the project, are reserved for existing tenants and the government-run housing board, MHADA. [93] The mosques are built in a distinct Neo-Fatimid style,[93][94][95][96][97] with the names of Allah and verses from the Quran engraved on its walls. The Quran and the Hadiths inform Muslims to not be wasteful with food. Allah will say), So, you have come However,the concept of Bohras is dragged and badly formulated which led to the misunderstanding among different sects. Peace, Mercy and Blessings be upon all of you). The Ismailis took Ismail bin Jafar as their Imam whereas the 12ers(Ithna Ashari Shia) took Musa Kazim bin Jaffar Sadik as their Imam. India's Bohra Muslims are back safely from Yemen but have many reasons What we know about Indian Dawoodi Bohra community and their Egyptian Then to Him you will be returned. (Be steadfast on [131], The Bohras are politically neutral. Difference between and operator in JavaScript - tutorialspoint.com Quran will swear that their practices and beliefs are full of the heinous and Inner sects of Shias and beliefs regarding wives of Nabi SAW and companions. [43][44] For them, Husayn ibn Ali's martyrdom epitomizes the values of humanity, justice, and truth. Is it correct to use "the" before "materials used in making buildings are"? In 1984, Mohammad Burhanuddin established the first MSB in Nairobi and Mumbai. Quran and Sunnah. [10] In 2017, Mufaddal Saifuddin, Burhanuddin's successor, initiated a worldwide program to plant 200,000 saplings. More details at the About section. They pretend to be genuinely seeking for guidance when in fact, they are just keen to destroy you and your beliefs. scholars and their monks as their Rabbs besides Allah!, said, The award-winning hospital is among the most sought after in the country. One group, theTayyibi Ismailis, followedthe Imamat of the Imam Mustansirs younger son al-Mustali and his descendants. [34], The Dawoodi Bohra follow Fatimid-era tabular calendar which matches exactly with the lunar cycle of 354 days and hence requires no adjustments. concerning all that in which they differ. Decades later, in 1996, Burhanuddin presided over the opening of the first Bohra mosque in Europe in Northolt. The Bohras congregate in their local mosques for daily prayers, but particularly for the evening prayers, and break the day-long fast and have the iftaar (lit. of his beliefs and acts, he will be considered a legal muslim and all the they testify that Prophet Mohamed (saws) was indeed the Last and Final [93][98] The mosques are multi-storied structures; the main prayer hall in the ground floor, a voluminous space, is used by men while women congregate in the upper floors. Allah says in the Holy Quran Chapter 22 Surah Hajj verse 77: O you There is a tiny community of Bohras in Kerala too, who migrated 150 years ago from Gujarat. In his study of Gujarati literature, which contained a single sentence on Cnan Musphar, the scholar Krishnalal Mohanlal Jhaveri (Reference Jhaveri 1924, 276) registered him as "Damodar Ishwardas Librarywala," with the cognomen signifying that Ishwardas was . (saws). Yemen - wikizero.com Do they think that, by continuing to provide them with wealth and [153] In 2018, the Bohras, together with Champions of the Earth, launched Turning the Tide, a campaign to remove plastic from oceans, rivers, and beaches in India. Constant term cannot be placed on left hand side. Difference between bohra and Dawoodi bohra - Islamhelpline or intercessor. For example. What? Double equals used as Type converting the conversion. Any The Bohras: Understanding Shi'a Succession in a Muslim Community - HuffPost . The Khojas and Bohras of Mumbai (Bombay) belong to this school. Husayn ibn Ali was martyred along with his family and companions in the plains of Karbala while on a journey from Mecca, through the deserts of modern-day Iraq, to Kufa, the seat of the erstwhile Rashidun caliphate. wikipedia.en/Humayun_Abdulali.md at main chinapedia/wikipedia.en For an overview of the Mustaali Shi'a denomination of Islam, see. (or Ismaili) community, we will restrict our comments and observations to these Senior Jamea students additionally undergo a public viva voce examination (Shafahi Imtihan) where they are questioned by rectors of the institute and occasionally by the Da'i al-Mutlaq, as well.[129]. [167][168] Narendra Modi, the Prime Minister of India, acknowledged community's charity and service. due to none save Allah Subhanah. '(religious) events'). Bowing nor in the earth? (saws). What is the difference between Ismaili and Dawoodi Bohra? What sort of strategies would a medieval military use against a fantasy giant? Shahadah: Ismailis do not have the same Shahadah as the other Muslims. Subsequently, the Indian community which had pledged allegiance to the Fatimids continued to remain loyal to the Dais in Yemen. person who declares and testifies His belief in the Oneness of Allah Subhanah, Stack Exchange network consists of 181 Q&A communities including Stack Overflow, the largest, most trusted online community for developers to learn, share their knowledge, and build their careers. What is the difference between Ismaili and Dawoodi Bohra? Allah says in the Holy Quran Chapter 41 Surah Fusselat verse 37: Do [164][165] During the 2019 floods, volunteers sent aid to the Indian states of Kerala, Karnataka, Maharashtra, and Gujarat;[166] while during the 2020 lockdown in India, volunteers distributed food packets among the poor. and whatever of error is of me. is real wealth info legit. Ismailis, the followers of Aga Khan Dajjali Kafir, practice none of the five pillars of Islam: 1. The sanctum of the mausoleum is 51 51 feet, which symbolises Saifuddin's position as the 51st Dai al-Mutlaq. Relocated tenants will own their new premises at no cost to them. Difference Between Ahmadi and Qadiani Ahmadi vs Qadiani Ahmadi and Qadiani are essentially different names for a same islamic movement. at first. [54][55] Dawat-e-Hadiyah head office is at Badri Mahal in Fort, Mumbai. Project Rise is chartered to help eradicate poverty and hunger, improve health and education, empower women, avoid waste, and preserve the environment align with the United Nations. a few examples of their practices and beliefs which would qualify them to be then declared, What is this, other than [162] This policy was first adopted at the 2018 Ashara in Indore attended by over 150,000 people. Community members seek and abide by his counsel in different aspects of life. Al-Buhara is an Ismaili Shiite sect but differs from the well-known Nizari sect known as Hashashin in the identity of the Imam. and the appointment of Prophet Mohamed (saws) as Allahs Last and Final The Mustal sect (see Ismlte), which . The men traditionally dress in a predominantly white, three-piece outfit: kurta, a form of tunic; saaya, an overcoat of equal length; and izaar, loose-fit trousers; with topi, a white cap usually laced in a golden arabesque design. However, three years later, Sulayman bin Hasan, a high-ranking dignitary in Yemen, claimed the succession to the leadership of the community for himself. He, himself is prostrated to Almighty Allah, as the concept of the unity of God in Islam. Change), You are commenting using your Facebook account. Vladimir Ivanov Russian orientalist Vladimir Alekseevich Ivanov was a Russian orientalist. Subhanah has guided and commanded the believers in the Quran to invoke Him This office of religious authority and leadership is called the Imamat (Imamah) and forms the core doctrinal principle of the major branches of the Shia the Twelvers (Ithna Asharis), the Ismailis, and the Zaydis. The Dawoodi Bohras are a sub-sect of Ismaili Shia Islam, who trace their roots back to the Fatimid dynasty of Yemen in the 11th century. Cantera, Angel L. Martnez (6 March 2018). What is the difference between & and && in Java? - Stack Overflow Sunni vs Shia - 15 Differences (with Video) | Diffen The main difference between them and the other Muslims is that they pay special veneration to Ali, to his sons, Hassan and Hussain, and to their high priest, the mullah sahib of Surat. and edicts of their Syedna above the guidance of Allah and His Messenger In Jonah Blank's important, myth-shattering book, the West gets its first look at the Daudi Bohras, a unique Muslim denomination who have found the core of their religious beliefs largely compatible with modern ideology. Mutually exclusive execution using std::atomic? There is a fundamental difference between Pakistan as a nation and Pakistani identity and Bangladesh/Turkey. ==. [16], The roots of the community's establishment in India go back to the Fatimid era, when Al Mustansir Billah, the 18th Imam, sent a Dai named Abd Allah from Yemen to initiate the Dawah on his behalf. Bohr, also spelled Bohor, in general, any Sh Ismal Muslim of the Mustal sect, living in western India. beliefs are closer to shirk than to tawheed, they will vehemently deny that "Genital mutilation convictions overturned after new evidence showing victims remain intact". from, and exalted above the shirk that The Bohras differ from almost all other Muslim denominations in their extraordinary degree of spiritual centralization. [84][119][120] In the modern day, higher education is commonplace in the community. down in Sajdah, whereby the knees, hands, and forehead are laid upon the ground [118] As of 2021, 24 MSB schools in Asia and Africa operate affiliated to IGCSE and ICSE boards. The Ismaili Community | the.Ismaili An independent, civil-society initiative, which is voluntarily run by enthusiasts. is considered an integral act of worship in Islam, and all acts of worship are [36][37] The Bohras believe that Husayn's sacrifice was foretold by Muhammad, and that he was destined to change the course of Islam as a result of his martyrdom. and many others are part of mulism community but in what ways are they Difference between & and && in C? - Stack Overflow them on the Day of Resurrection concerning the matters in which they have been Dawoodi Bohra - Wikipedia The Sydney Morning Herald. Others say Bohras are not trying to distance themselves from other Muslims. and commits the most heinous sin. Select students go through rigorous Islamic and Arabic studies for up to 11 years,[123] and are trained to subsequently lead various institutions run by Dawat-e-Hadiyah. (associating other deities with Allah) is the only sin that Allah does not Last edited on 25 February 2023, at 03:18, Learn how and when to remove this template message, "The globalised Dawoodi Bohras of Bombay", The Royal Islamic Strategic Studies Centre, "Who are Dawoodi Bohras: 5 points to understand this Muslim community in India", "The Iy of al-Jmi al-Anwar: Religious Values in the Restoration of Sacred Islamic Monuments", "Bombay High Court cancels cross examination of Khuzaima Qutbuddin due to his death", "Handbook of Islamic Sects and Movements", "Home Away from Home for Gujarati Bohras in Coastal Kerala", "His Holiness Dr Syedna Mufaddal Saifuddin; Chancellor of AMU", "The Architectural Heritage of the Lamu Bohra Mosque", "Burhani Qardan Hasana Corporation (America)", "An economic system of the Dawoodi Bohras", "12th Rabi ul Awwal, Mawlid, and the Hijri-Misri Calendar", "Vicissitudes of a Holy Place: Construction, Destruction and Commemoration of Mashhad usayn in Ascalon", "An interview with Jonah Blank, author of Mullahs on the Mainframe: Islam and Modernity among the Daudi Bohras", "USA Dawoodi Bohras observe Ashara Mubaraka at home", "100,000 Dawoodi Bohras in Mumbai for discourses by Syedna", "200,000 Dawoodi Bohras attend Mumbai's Moharram discourses", "Dawoodi Bohra head praises PM Modi in Muharaam speech", "Dawoodi Bohras to flock to Indore for Syedna's Muharram sermons", "Thousands Weep as Bohra Chief, 99, Conducts Moharram Discourse", "Dawoodi Bohras watch sermons at home, recreate spiritual ambience", "Dawoodi Bohra community continues its good work during pandemic", "Four unique languages you can only hear in Karachi", "Not just Sanskrit, Gujarati owes a lot to Arabic and Persian languages too", "AL-D AL-AJAL SYEDNA ABDEALI SAIFUDDIN RA", "Bohra Cuisine: A pinch of salt and desserts first", "Strong traditions, savoury flavours (and a palidu recipe)", "A community affair! invoking the non-existent shofaa or intercessors is declared as a clear and After it was rebuilt by Mohammed Burhanuddin, Manmohan Singh the then Prime Minister of India inaugurated it in 2005. prior work on diversity, we treat, for example, the Batak Tapanuli as equidistant from. The Three Branches of Shia Islam - Chronicle Fanack.com Allah I found this graphic, at Ismaili Gnosis, very helpful: Fill in your details below or click an icon to log in: You are commenting using your WordPress.com account. . [11]:318 The odd-numbered months have 30 days and the even-numbered months have 29 days, except in a leap year when the final month, the 12th month Zil Hajj, has 30 days. and all the rights that are due to a muslim will be accorded to them in full. Although Ginans: The Transformative Knowledge Story of Vazir Ismail Ganji, Watch Harvard Professor explain Ismaili History & Imamat in 5 minutes, Nasim Bhimji: Ginans with Music From My Soul To Yours | CD 3, Qasida:Ali Goyam Ali Joyam | NsN Production, Nasim Bhimji: Ginans with Music From My Soul To Yours | CD 2, Beware of fakeness, cautions Pir Kabiruddin, Nasim Bhimji: Ginans with Music From My Soul To Yours | CD 1, With Love From Pir Shams Ginan With Music, A Ginan in a dream at the Ismaili Centre: By Pir Hassan Kabiruddin Recited By Alijah Gulamhusein Gulamani, Saheb Ji Ginan Instrumental | Mehboob Thawer, 14-year-old Liam Jadavji recites Ginan Navrozna Din Sohaama, Rukhsana Karmali: Farsi Qasida Bismillahey Mutlaq Tui, Ya Ali Madad Everyone An Ismaili Childrens Book, Makerere University, Kampala (Uganda) Alumni Group History Book, South African Constitutional Court receives a copy of the historic book The Aga Khan and Africa, Book Launch: Plant-based Nutrition in Clinical Practice, Book Review | Mohamed Keshavjee Reviews Hlne Alexanders A Life of Ups and Downs, Book Launch and Talk I Humanising Medicine Making Health Care Tangible by Dr. Azim Jiwani, New Book |What is Islamic Studies? 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