How have animals adapted to the rainforest environment? For plants this includes the deciduous habit (losing leaves to conserve water), very deep root systems, water-storing roots and tubers, waxy leaf cuticles, and drought-resistant seeds. Zambia has a predominantly humid subtropical climate with small patches of semi-arid steppe in the southwest of the country. chemistry This is a type of rainfall that occur when warmer air is forced to rise over cold air. It covers: Covering about 15% of the country in the south, and drier than the Central Zambezian ecoregion, trees in this ecoregion are more scattered and generally smaller, and the relative proportion of woody shrubs is greater. Sue is an award-winning writer who specializes in African travel and conservation. Over most of South Africa, there is a definite rainfall pattern with rainfall increasing from west to east. Flash floods after unusually heavy rain cause damage when they occur in places that do not experience annual floods. Camerapix: "Spectrum Guide to Zambia." Zambia covers a total area of 752,612 km2 including borders, and lies between 8 and 18 south latitudes and longitudes 22 and 34 east. mathematics past papers Much of the economic, cultural and social life of the country is dominated by the onset and end of the rainy season, and the amount of rain it brings. This increased rainfall will likely result in at least average 2016/17 crop production, but may also cause flooding in flood-prone areas of central and southern Sudan. Indeed, the government buys maize from the farmers through the Food Reserve Agency (FRA) for two purposes: for resale to millers in case of a shortage and for relief in hunger stricken areas. Small earth dams are often constructed in dambos as a source of water and as fishponds. The deciduous trees usually produce fresh green or reddish leaves just before the rainy season. The Zambia Meteorological Department has warned of more flash floods and heavy fall in North-western, Central, Copperbelt and Lusaka Provinces. Zambia-specific climate change and (2) some empirical background on literature . Stage 2. OCHA coordinates the global emergency response to save lives and protect people in humanitarian crises. UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, United Nations COVID-19 Emergency Appeal Zambia (May - October 2020), Zambia Humanitarian Appeal, October 2019 - March 2020, ACAPS Briefing Note: Drought Southern Province (11 July 2019), Zambia: Flood in Southern Province - DREF Application (MDRZM019). Clouds form, and precipitation occurs. At higher altitudes it can get a bit cooler. Tours, South Africa Crops are frequently damaged by flooding and hail. biology What is the site and situation of a settlement? Safaris, Madagascar A case study of a sparsely populated area Himalayan Mountains, A case study of a densely populated area Greater London. Limestone Case Study Malham, The Yorkshire Dales. Figure 5 Extent of Desertification in Zambia Figure 6 Annual Rainfall (mm) per Province Figure 7 Maize production (kg) from 1987 to 1999 . Most of South Africa is a summer rainfall area, November to March, while the Western Cape Province receives most of its rain during winter, May to August. necta csee past paper [14] Zambia is considered vulnerable to the impacts of climate change because the majority of the population rely on agriculture for their livelihoods - and changes in rainfall patterns has a negative impact due to the rainfed nature of production. Different types of rainfall in the UK. What are Mumbais social and economic opportunities? There is no significantly discernable trend in the frequency of heavy rainfall events in recent years (McSweeney et al, 2010). Copy. Tours, Mozambique moves southward with the apparent movement of the sun in the southern summer and brings rain to the greater part of Zambia. The . Aberfoyle Tea Estate in the Honde Valley Eastern Highlands is one of the places that receive a lot of Relief rainfall. [citation needed], Most rivers, lakes and swamps, except in the far south and south-west, are permanent. In some years, it moves south of Zambia, leading to a "little dry season" in the north of the country for three or four weeks in December. [citation needed]. Temperatures average between 18C/64F in the morning and 29C/84F in the afternoon. The numbers relate to the location labels on the map. The flooding has destroyed crops, including maize, especially in Munyumbwe area in Gwembe District, according to the Governments Disaster Management and Mitigation Unit (DMMU). It is widespread on the west coast of the United Kingdom due to the prevailing weather coming from that direction. What is Nigerias location and importance? Together with their associated rivers, the WWF categorises these freshwater ecoregions in Zambia: Zambezi Basin made up of (not shown on the map): On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. ZIMSEC FREE NOTES. How is urban planning improving the quality of life for the urban poor in Rio de Janeiro? The site is self-funded and your support is really appreciated. SafariBookings is the largest online marketplace for African safari tours. The most extensive ecoregion covering about 50% of the country, characterised by Miombo trees (Brachystegia sp. Convectional rain. The ecoregion has suffered extensive deforestation, especially in the highly urbanised Copperbelt Province due to charcoal production and clearing for farming, the centre of Central Province (for farming and ranching), and around Kasama and Mansa (charcoal production and chitemene farming). Water quality and pollution management in the UK. Traditionally some communities have divided the year into farming in the rainy season, and fishing and hunting in the dry season, when herbivores can be found more easily as they visit sources of water, and fires can be set to expose them or drive them into traps. Sustainable Management of the Tropical Rainforest, Sustainable Management of the Amazon Rainforest. . What is the structure of the Temperate Deciduous Woodland? On the lee side of the similar mountain range, rainfall usually becomes low, and the area is in a rain shadow. What is the structure of the tropical rainforest? Elsewhere, from Zambia across Malawi, Zimbabwe and central Mozambique, above average rainfall has favoured conditions suitable for planning and early crop Because the wind meets a high mountain, it is forced to rise upwards. These cookies do not contain personal information and are not used for analytical or advertising purposes. Zambia, a country located in southern Africa, is almost entirely covered by a plateau, which tempers the climate, making the temperature generally acceptable for most of the year. Annual maize production in Zambia was on average 1.1 Mt in the period 2000 to 2010, and average yields of about 1.5 t/ha that have not significantly changed over the past 20 years. Succulent plants are also widespread, especially in rocky areas. Otherwise temperature by itself is not a great determinant of plant and animal distribution. Usually the days in November are hot while the nights are a bit cooler. A rain shadow is a dry area on the lee side of a mountainous area. Relief rainfall is formed when the air cools as it rises over relief features in the landscape such as hills or mountains. Zambia also undertook a study which showed that the country has lost Its is believed the Khoisan people groups originated in East Africa and spread southwards around 150,000 years ago. Where do volcanoes and earthquakes happen? Camerapix International Publishing, Nairobi, 1996. Quite dense evergreen forest of medium height on sandy soils with little to no surface water, in several patches which make up the largest evergreen forest in Africa outside of the equatorial zone. website is used, as well as Advertising and social media cookies (including cookies from trusted Thus they produce a Rain shadow area. In winter, theres hardly any rain and humidity is low. Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window), Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window), Quick NetOne, Telecel, Africom, And Econet Airtime Recharge, Advantages and Disadvantages of wood as a source of energy, Advantages and Disadvantages of Hydroelectricity, Advantages and Disadvantages of Solar energy, Advantages and Disadvantages of Nuclear power as a source of energy, Advantages and Disadvantages of Natural gas as a source of energy. The annual rainfall is more than 700 mm (28 in) in the Southern parts, while is more than 1,100 mm (43 in) in the northern parts. Once over the top of the mountain the air will usually drop down the other side, warming as it does so. How did the temperate deciduous woodland get like this? This is restricted to the highest exposed hills, or more widely in the lower humidity areas of the southernmost parts of the country. geography acsee The rain can be cooling, unlike in the humid tropics. Zambia is a Sub -Saharan African country with a land area of 752,614 km. Camerapix International Publishing, Nairobi, 1996. Heavily Indebted Poor C ountry (HIPC), Zambia has recently qualified for debt relief under the Multilateral Debt Relief Initiative (MDRI). How reliable are economic indicators of development? Climate change in Zambia: Impacts and adaptation. Distribution of earthquakes and volcanoes, Effects of earthquakes and volcanoes on people and the environment, Reducing the impacts of earthquakes and volcanoes, Population and settlement iGCSE Geography, The main causes of a change in population size, A country with a rate of high population growth China, A country which is over-populated Bangladesh, A country which is under-populated Australia, A country with a low rate of population growth or decline Japan. The north-south highland barrier is interrupted by a major gap, the Turkana gap, between the Ethiopian and the Kenya Highlands (Figure 1). Results when near saturated, warm maritime air is forced to rise by a coastal mountain barrier. Can the risks of volcanic eruptions be reduced? The highest rainfall is in the north (about 1200mm - all figures are annual amounts), especially the north-west (1400mm), decreasing towards the south (around 700mm); the driest areas are in the Luangwa and middle Zambezi valleys (500mm). Bush fires range across most of the country in the later dry season, escaping from "chitemene cultivation" and caused by villagers burning off crop residue or hunting, as well as by lightning strikes. kcse revision notes Weathering and mass movement in river valleys. This symmetry is, however, imperfect because of Relief rainfall occurs when air has been blown over the sea and is then forced up over an area of high land. Because such fires happen annually, there is no great buildup of dry fuel in the bush, and so the fires are not usually devastating. The government of Zambia through the ZVAC undertook an assessment of the impact of the drought situation on different sectors during the month of May 2019. But Bangalore is in rain . A historical map of the ancient Sumerian Empire would have a date range of between 5,000 B.C. necta chemistry past papers The average temperatures are between 66F and 87F. Prevailing winds in the dry season are generally moderate but occasionally more severe and may bring cool dust-laden air from distant arid regions. This ecoregion predominates in the wettest part of the country, across the northern part of both 'lobes' of the country . Gwembe and Siavonga districts in the south are amongst the hardest-hit by the recent rains, while Mambwe and Lumezi districts in the east, as well as the countrys capital, Lusaka, faced flash floods earlier in January. These losses reach as high as US$7.1 billion under Zambias worst rainfall scenario. This page was last edited on 29 January 2023, at 04:55. Most of the rain occurs on the East side of the slope. Why are deserts located along the tropics? Zambia particularly in the field of gemstone and industrial mineral, which offer great potential. The significance of food, water and energy, An overview of global inequalities in the supply and consumption of resources, Carbon footprints, food miles and moves towards local sourcing of food. During the 2019/2020 rainy season, Zambia recorded above normal rainfall which resulted into flooding and dry spells in isolated parts of the country particularly in Western Province. Relief rainfall . In dambos (grasslands found in most of the country) and other marshes, soil water is available throughout the dry season, but they may be rather acidic. National Geographic/World Wildlife Fund: "Terrestrial Ecoregions of the World. How have plants adapted to cold environments? The southern African nation of Zambia is experiencing a food crisis, with nearly 2.3 million Zambians at risk of facing starvation as a result of low rainfall. history notes In the UK, prevailing winds from the west lead to air rising over upland areas like the Pennines. The dominant genus, Cryptosepalum, is a tree in the legume family. None of the country is considered arid or to be desert. Once over the top of the mountain the air will usually drop down the other side, warming as it does so. In winter, there is much less rainfall in Ndola than in summer. Light rain describes rainfall which falls at a rate of between a trace and 2.5 millimetres (0.098 in) per hour. Zambia. In Mambwe District, Eastern Province, nearly 300 families were displaced by floods in the first week of January, according to DMMU media reports, with Malambo constituency especially affected. Leguminous tree species dominate, which are deciduous, losing leaves in the dry season and producing a flush of new leaves, often reddish, just before the onset of the rains. Relief rain usually occurs along coastal areas where a line of hills runs along the . The food security situation is rain Weather Zambia, Satellite Weather Zambia, Weather Forecast, Rainfall, Clouds, Sun in Zambia - Source: SAT24.com During the cold months (June and July), the area west of the Line of Rail is coolest, with mean minimum temperatures mostly below the mid-40s F (about 7 C). In the Kppen climate classification, most of the country is classified as humid subtropical or tropical wet and dry, with small patches of semi-arid steppe climate in the south-west. What are active, dormant and extinct volcanoes? Specific Objectives: (i) To investigate the spatial and temporal characteristics of seasonal (NDJFM) . kcse past papers This causes air to cool and moisture in the air to condense into rainfall. The moist warm air condenses as it cool which causes cloud and rain. Frontal rain produces a variety of clouds, which bring moderate to heavy rainfall. By clicking Accept you agree that we use Analytical cookies for gathering information about how our Zambia experiences good rainfall, with extremes of 500 to 1400mm (most areas fall into the range 700 to ) in a distinct rainy season of four to six months centred on January, when the moist intertropical convergence zone is over the country. Rainfall. Relief (or Orographic) rainfall occurs in areas with mountains and/or complex terrains. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); Relief rainfall, also known as orographic rainfall, occurs in areas where land increases height. Second, the near bisection of the continent by the Equator results in a largely symmetrical arrangement of climatic zones on either side. form four topics In the UK, prevailing winds from the west lead to air rising over upland areas like the Pennines. the air above it. It Part of the industrial area flooded. Evaporation and rainfall. Tours, Namibia Researched evidence suggested that temperature was likely to increase by 1.82oC and rainfall reduce by 0.87 percentage points by 2050. Moderate rain describes . Protection of cold environments as wilderness areas. To access more Ordinary level Geography topics go to Geography Notes Home. Stephen is a travel writer and avid conservationist whose work appears in prestigious magazines such as Africa Geographic and Travel Africa. During the rainy season months of November to April or May some days may be humid, but daily maximum temperatures are usually a little lower than in the hot dry season. There are three main types of rainfall, convectional rainfall, relief rainfall and frontal rainfall. How has demand for water in the UK changed?